Principal AI/ML Engineer

Optum Tech is a global leader in health care innovation. Our teams develop cutting-edge solutions that help people live healthier lives and help make the health system work better for everyone. From advanced data analytics and AI to cybersecurity, we use innovative approaches to solve some of health care's most complex challenges. Your contributions here have the potential to change lives. Ready to build the next breakthrough? Join us to start Caring. Connecting. Growing together.

Optum AI is UnitedHealth Group's enterprise AI team. We are AI/ML scientists and engineers with deep expertise in AI/ML engineering for health care. We develop AI/ML solutions for the highest impact opportunities across UnitedHealth Group businesses including UnitedHealthcare, Optum Financial, Optum Health, Optum Insight, and Optum Rx. In addition to transforming the health care journey through responsible AI/ML innovation, our charter also includes developing and supporting an enterprise AI/ML development platform.

As a principal engineer within the enterprise AI Platforms team within the Office of AI, you will design, build and operate the platform that healthcare agents run on. This is a software engineering role at its core applied to a domain where the workloads are models, retrieval and agents. You will own systems end to end: analysis and design, coding, code review, testing and debugging, documentation, release and delivery, and the long maintenance tail after launch.

Your work is enabling Optum clients with access to an AI Platform that provides secure, PHI-ready model access and favorable inference economics, a capability gateway that makes licensed intelligence callable from any approved agent or application, and the agent harness those agents run on. You will set the engineering standards, patterns and shared utilities other teams build on, and carry meaningful influence over the technical direction of the portfolio. Expect to prototype quickly with design partners, prove or disprove technical bets with evidence, and then harden what survives into platform-grade services that other engineers can easily adopt.

Optum AI team members:

• Have impact at scale: We have the data and resources to make an impact at scale. When our solutions are deployed, they have the potential to make health care system work better for everyone
• Do ground-breaking work: Many of our current projects involve cutting edge ML, NLP and LLM techniques. Generative AI methods for working with structured and unstructured health care data are continuously being developed and improved. We are working in one of the most important frontiers of AI/ML research and development
• Partner with world-class experts on innovative solutions: Our team members are developing novel AI/ML solutions to business challenges. In some cases, this includes the opportunity to file patents and publish papers about the methods we develop. We also collaborate with AI/ML researchers at some of the world's top universities

You'll enjoy the flexibility to work remotely * from anywhere within the U.S. as you take on some tough challenges. For all hires in the Minneapolis or Washington, D.C. area, you will be required to work in the office a minimum of four days per week.

Primary Responsibilities: 

• Design, code, test, debug, document and maintain the services that make up the AI platform and agent runtime, taking systems from design review through production operation and long-term support
• Design the public surface of the platform - APIs, SDKs, client libraries, schemas and versioning strategy - so that internal teams, client engineering teams and external builders can integrate without bespoke work for each consumer
• Build the Capability Gateway: implement Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers and tool interfaces with typed contracts, authentication and authorization, input and output validation, quota and rate limiting, audit logging, and an automated conformance test suite that new capabilities must pass
• Build and operate the agent harness and runtime: orchestration and tool-calling execution, state and session management, retrieval paths, concurrency, queuing and retries, timeout and failure handling, idempotency, and graceful degradation under partial outage
• Establish engineering standards, methods and tooling for the portfolio: coding standards, code review practice, branching and release strategy, CI/CD pipelines, infrastructure as code, environment management, and automated testing at unit, contract, integration and end-to-end levels
• Engineer the platform for cost and scale, including inference routing across models, caching, batching, connection and resource pooling, capacity planning, and per-tenant cost telemetry that ties spend to completed work
• Code and deploy the ML and LLM components of the platform into production: model and prompt serving, retrieval and embedding pipelines, adapters and fine-tuned variants, and the deployment mechanics behind them including canary, shadow and rollback paths
• Implement AI/ML capabilities in support of healthcare workflows, which may include natural language processing and understanding, semantic search, intent classification, information extraction, document AI and computer vision, and automatic speech recognition applied to clinical notes, claims, faxes, referrals, prior authorizations and recorded encounters
• Build the evaluation and experimentation infrastructure the platform depends on: golden datasets, task-level benchmarks, offline and online evals, human-in-the-loop review workflows, regression gates wired into CI, and experiment tooling with defensible statistical treatment of results
• Work with large-scale computing frameworks and data analysis systems to build the data foundation behind agent capabilities, including distributed processing, feature and vector stores, streaming ingestion, schema evolution and lineage
• Engineer for PHI from the first commit: data minimization and de-identification, tenant isolation, encryption in transit and at rest, secrets management, retention and access controls, and enforcement that keeps agent behavior inside approved data and action boundaries
• Evaluate new tools, techniques and strategies - models, frameworks, orchestration approaches, serving stacks - with enough rigor to make a build, buy or adopt recommendation, and communicate the results and trade-offs to leadership and internal stakeholders
• Partner across Platform Enablement, product management, design, security, privacy and legal, forward-deployed engineering, operations and external partners such as Azure and Databricks on one integrated backlog with explicit interfaces and SLOs
• Raise the engineering bar through reference implementations, reusable libraries, design review participation, code review and technical mentorship, and influence thought and leadership on where the platform should go next

You'll be rewarded and recognized for your performance in an environment that will challenge you and give you clear direction on what it takes to succeed in your role as well as provide development for other roles you may be interested in.

Required Qualifications: 

• Bachelor's degree in computer science, engineering or a related technical field, or equivalent experience
• 10+ years of professional software engineering experience building and operating production systems
• 5+ years of experience designing distributed services and platform-level APIs consumed by other engineering teams
• Experience building or operating ML, AI or data-intensive systems in production, including responsibility for them after launch
• Hands-on experience with LLM-based or agentic systems, including retrieval-augmented generation, tool and function calling, and orchestration
• Expert-level proficiency in Python and at least one additional production language such as Go, Java, TypeScript, Scala or C++
• Demonstrated depth in software engineering fundamentals: testing strategy, debugging complex production issues, performance profiling, code review and technical documentation
• Experience with cloud-native delivery, including containers and Kubernetes, CI/CD, infrastructure as code, and observability tooling
• Experience with large-scale computing frameworks and distributed data processing such as Spark/Databricks, Ray, Kafka or equivalent
• Experience building software subject to security, privacy or regulatory constraints
• Demonstrated ability to explain complex technical results and trade-offs clearly to non-technical stakeholders and senior leaders

Preferred Qualifications:  

• Experience building multi-tenant platforms or services, including tenant isolation, quota and entitlement enforcement, and developer experience as an explicit product concern
• Experience implementing or operating Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers, tool-calling standards, or agent frameworks such as LangGraph or equivalent
• Experience with model serving and optimization at scale, including vLLM, TensorRT/Triton, batching, KV-cache strategies, quantization and multi-model routing
• Experience with vector databases, embedding lifecycle management, hybrid retrieval and enterprise knowledge graphs
• Experience with inference cost management or FinOps for AI workloads
• Experience with responsible AI practice, including bias and fairness evaluation, model risk management, model documentation, or alignment to frameworks such as the NIST AI Risk Management Framework
• Experience on a 0-to-1 product or platform, working directly with design partners or customers to shape what gets built
• Experience with Azure AI services and Databricks in a regulated enterprise environment
• Experience with healthcare data and standards: claims, EHR data, FHIR, HL7, ICD, CPT, HCPCS, SNOMED CT, LOINC, and working with PHI inside HIPAA/HITRUST boundaries
• Health care industry experience including provider, payer, medical device, pharmaceutical, or other health services a plus

*All employees working remotely will be required to adhere to UnitedHealth Group's Telecommuter Policy.

Pay is based on several factors including but not limited to local labor markets, education, work experience, certifications, etc. In addition to your salary, we offer benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package, incentive and recognition programs, equity stock purchase and 401k contribution (all benefits are subject to eligibility requirements). No matter where or when you begin a career with us, you'll find a far-reaching choice of benefits and incentives. The salary for this role will range from $164,600 to $282,200 annually based on full-time employment. We comply with all minimum wage laws as applicable.

Application Deadline: This will be posted for a minimum of 2 business days or until a sufficient candidate pool has been collected. Job posting may come down early due to volume of applicants.

At UnitedHealth Group, our mission is to help people live healthier lives and make the health system work better for everyone. We believe everyone-of every race, gender, sexuality, age, location and income-deserves the opportunity to live their healthiest life. Today, however, there are still far too many barriers to good health which are disproportionately experienced by people of color, historically marginalized groups and those with lower incomes. We are committed to mitigating our impact on the environment and enabling and delivering equitable care that addresses health disparities and improves health outcomes - an enterprise priority reflected in our mission.

UnitedHealth Group is an Equal Employment Opportunity employer under applicable law and qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, national origin, religion, age, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, or protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by local, state, or federal laws, rules, or regulations.

UnitedHealth Group is a drug - free workplace. Candidates are required to pass a drug test before beginning employment.

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